Colonoscopy
Overview
Why it's done
Screening for Colorectal Cancer: One of the primary purposes of colonoscopy is to screen for colorectal cancer. This procedure allows doctors to detect and remove precancerous growths (polyps) before they develop into cancer or to identify cancer in its early stages when it is more treatable.
Detection of Colorectal Diseases: Colonoscopy is a diagnostic tool used to identify various colorectal conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis), diverticulosis, and colorectal polyps. Early detection and diagnosis can lead to timely intervention and management.
Polyp Removal: During a colonoscopy, gastroenterologists can remove polyps found in the colon. Since certain types of polyps can eventually become cancerous, their removal is a preventive measure against the development of colorectal cancer.
Investigation of Symptoms: Colonoscopy is often recommended when a patient experiences symptoms such as unexplained abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, or unexplained weight loss. The procedure helps to investigate the cause of these symptoms and provides valuable diagnostic information.
Monitoring and Surveillance: For individuals with a history of colorectal polyps or cancer, colonoscopy is used as a surveillance tool. Regular follow-up colonoscopies may be recommended to monitor for any recurrence or new developments.
Biopsy: If abnormalities are detected during the colonoscopy, a biopsy may be performed to collect tissue samples for further analysis. This helps in confirming diagnoses and planning appropriate treatment.
Risk
- Bleeding
- Perforation
- Infection
- Adverse reaction to sedation
- Discomfort and bloating
How do I get ready for colonoscopy surgery?
Discuss Medications:
- Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are currently taking, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, as well as any supplements. They will provide guidance on whether you should continue or temporarily stop certain medications.
Dietary Restrictions:
- Typically, you will need to follow a clear liquid diet for a day or two before the procedure. This may include broth, clear juices, gelatin, and popsicles. Avoid colored liquids, as they can interfere with the colonoscopy.
Colon Cleansing (Bowel Prep):
- Your healthcare provider will prescribe a bowel preparation solution to help cleanse your colon. This often involves drinking a specific solution or taking laxatives to clear out your bowels. It’s crucial to follow the instructions carefully, as the effectiveness of the colonoscopy depends on a clean colon.
Hydration:
- Drink plenty of clear liquids, such as water, to stay hydrated during the preparation period. Avoid red or purple liquids, as they can be mistaken for blood during the procedure.
Fasting:
- You may be instructed to fast for a certain period before the procedure, usually starting the night before. This ensures that your stomach and intestines are empty.
Arrange Transportation:
- Since you will likely be under sedation during the procedure, arrange for someone to drive you home afterward. You may feel groggy, and it’s not safe to drive or operate machinery.
Clothing:
- Wear loose, comfortable clothing to the procedure, and remove any jewelry.
Inform Your Healthcare Provider:
- Notify your healthcare provider if you have any medical conditions, allergies, or if you’re pregnant.
Follow-up Instructions:
- Your healthcare provider will provide specific post-procedure instructions, including when you can resume your regular diet and activities.
